What is the Hopi 2012 Prophecy?

Should we be concerned about a Hopi 2012 prophecy? The Hopi Indians of the southwest are the oldest tribe of the United States. The Hopi have specific prophecies regarding the end of times which also coincide with other prophecies of the end of the world. The predictions of the Hopi are frightful.

The Hopi believe the world has been created and destroyed four times. After a time, each Hopi world goes through a cleansing and destruction so the next world can start fresh. The first three worlds have come and gone, we are now living in the fourth Hopi world. Here is how the Hopi say the first three worlds came to their end:

The Hopi first world
The first world was cleansed and destroyed by fire when all of the volcanoes on earth erupted. Everything on our planet was consumed by fire and everything had to start anew.

The Hopi second world
The second world was cleansed and destroyed by the Ice Age, which was caused when the North and South poles shifted their positions. The world was covered by ice, and mountains fell into the oceans and seas.

The Hopi third world
The third world was cleansed and destroyed by the Great Flood. Continents became submerged and sank into the waters of the oceans and seas. Some land splintered into small islands during the Great Flood.

We here today on planet Earth, are living in the Hopi fourth world. The prophecy of the Hopi says that this current-day fourth world is about to be cleansed and destroyed so that the new time of the fifth world can be ushered in.

The Hopi have signs that must be seen and fulfilled before the fifth world can begin. All but a few of these fifth world signs have come to be fulfilled. According to Hopi prophecy, the following are things yet to occur before the transition from the fourth world to the fifth:

* The seas and oceans will rise.
* Great earthquakes will happen all around the planet.
* The sun will become hotter.

We are already in our daily news talking about the polar ice caps melting and their water raising the ocean levels. Earthquakes have always happened, but now they are increasing in intensity and frequency all over our planet. We have been debating and arguing about Global Warming and sunspot flares for some time. Are the final signs of the Hopi coming true before our eyes today?

One other final sign of the end of the fourth world and the transition to the fifth world is that near the end of days, the earth will be crisscrossed by a spider web. As you read this article, you certainly are aware of how the World Wide Web has connected all of us everywhere together.

The Hopi prophecies are intriguing and interesting to contemplate, but the Hopi give no exact 2012 end of the world date prophecy. The Hopi instead talk about signs to be fulfilled or met before the current world is ended, and the new world begun.

There are other prophetic sources like the Mayan Calendar and the I Ching, that foretell the end of the world in 2012. In fact, the Mayan Calendar and the I Ching predict that the exact date of the end of the world is on December 21, 2012. Past soothsayers too, like Merlin, and Mother Shipton, and the Bible's Book of Revelations, also give us information about the end of the world and when and how it will come about.

If you study and learn about the prophecies and predictions of the Hopi, and the other seers and oracles, you will begin to see a common pattern amongst them all. Although they don't all use the same words or images to tell of the end of the world, there are amazing similarities in their prophecies.

How could different people, living in different times, in different cultures, come up with prophecies that are so much alike? Is this all a bunch of baloney, or is it the truth? I wondered this myself, so I learned all I could.

What the seers and predictors have to say is fascinating, and frightening too. If what they foresee is true, then we are soon to witness drastic change in our world. There are things you can do to prepare, but first you need to learn more about prophecy and the end of the world. Here is an excellent resource to learn more: http://december2012endofworld.info

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America's Stonehenge - A New Theory

The America's Stonehenge archaeological site is located on the summit of Mystery Hill in North Salem, NH. It consists of enigmatic stone chambers, standing stones, niches, drains, and astronomical alignments. Who built these stone structures and for what purpose?

The professional archaeological community has long argued that the site was built by an eccentric farmer who built his house on the hill between 1825 and 1850. Other researchers have proposed that the site was built by Irish Monks. Both of these theories, although quite popular, have been disproven by the archaeological evidence. Stone tools used to quarry the bedrock and shape stones for the some of the earliest structures were C-14 dated to 3000 years ago. This means the site began construction well before Irish Monk starting building religious communities, and certainly predates any 19th century farmers by over three thousand years. Who else could have built this site?

Archaeology has discovered two groups of artifacts and other evidence at the site. The first group of artifacts dates from the 1800's though the early 1900's. All this evidence is associated with the Pattee homestead on the site (circa 1825-1850) and later picnickers from the early 1900's. The second group of artifacts and other evidence spans from 3000 years ago through the 1600's. All of this evidence is associated with Native American activity on the site. It consists of various stone tools used for quarrying, shards of Native American pottery made and used on the site, petroglyphs (rock carvings), pecked & abraded grooved drains, and other Native American artifacts. The evidence overwhelmingly points in one direction - the site was built by Native Americans.

What was the purpose of these stone structures? Like all cultures worldwide, the Native Americans had their own religious traditions. These religious beliefs involved holding ceremonies with various spirits. They created astronomical alignments to mark the date that a ceremony was to be held and also as a means to call the Sun Spirit into their ceremonies. They carved drains in the bedrock to pour sacred water into during ceremonies. They built stone chambers to hold other important ceremonies.

The theory that America's Stonehenge was built by Native Americans is based upon an exhaustive four year study of the site. This study is carefully documented in the book America's Stonehenge Deciphered.

Not sure what theory to believe? Then take a tour of the site and see for yourself. America's Stonehenge is open year round to visitors (admission fee is charged). For an in depth self-guided tour of the site based upon this new research checkout A Guide to America's Stonehenge pamphlet ($4.95) before your trip. Can't travel to the site in person? Take a tour of the site with a 40 minute documentary film, America's Stonehenge: The History of a Sacred Place

Mary Gage and James Gage (mother & son research team) are co-authors of several books on stone quarrying, historic carved stones, America's Stonehenge, and Native American stone structures in Northeastern United States.

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Who Built Stonehenge? - A Question That Has No Answer

Stonehenge, an ancient monument has captured millions of imaginations for centuries. Located on the Salisbury Plain in the Wiltshire, which is in England, Stonehenge is one of the major tourist destinations that draw millions of visitors from all over the world. There are many theories about Stonehenge that gives answer to the question - Who built Stonehenge? However, all of the theories have no significance, as there is no evidence to it.

For more than 100 years, investigations have discovered that the Stonehenge was built in many phases right from 2800 to 1800 BC. More likely, it has been designed to permit the observation of astronomical phenomena like the eclipses, summer and winter solstices, and others. The Stonehenge has many myths and legends. You can take guided tour to explore and understand this ancient monument. Most of the past archeologists believe that the Druids, who were the high priests of the Celts, have built the monument. Druids constructed this unique attraction for the sacrificial ceremonies.

The fact is that the Druids are not responsible to construct this unique attraction. In fact, it is impossible. Actually, scientists have discovered that the builders finished constructing the Stonehenge more than 2,000 years ago, that is before the Celts presence. After Celts, Romans arrived at this area, but even they did not construct the Stonehenge. Many people even believe that the construction of the Stonehenge monument began before 5,000 years ago by the Neolithic peoples of the British Isles.

No one is certain about the fact that who built Stonehenge and why? Still one thing that could be said is that this monument has been built in such a way that the first ray of the sun will fall directly on the entrance of the monument. An American Astronomer named Gerald Hawkins has also made a theory during 1960s that this major attraction was actually an astronomical observatory and calendar. His theory is extensively held even today, with his belief that the ancient peoples used this monument to foresee a broad variety of astronomical phenomena. There are still many uncertainties about this theory.

For past many years, this monument has become an unsolved mystery that cannot be sorted out. Even though, people do not know anything about the question of who built Stonehenge, but you can come and see its magnificence. Well, besides this, many other questions raises like how those ancient people would have made this, as the stones were very bulky with the measurements of 20 to 30 tones, all depends upon the size.

Hi I am Gia Loren, I have personal experience of traveling, I love to travel, I have written blog on European best traveling destinations, I wrote there through my own experience. You will read interesting facts about the acropolis, history of the leaning tower of Pisa, attraction of Hampton Court Palace, beautiful views of Heidelberg Castle, horror of London dungeon, madame Tussuad wax museum, inside Buckingham palace, who built Stonehenge?

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10 Myths and Theories About Stonehenge

During the last century Stonehenge became the sort of symbol of Great Britain, the place where every decent tourist considers as a duty to be snapped on the background of, as the proof of having holiday in that particular place.

I clearly remember my first impression on Stonehenge. Notwithstanding the rapturous reverence and joyful satisfaction of my childhood dream was fulfilled there, at heart I felt a slight perplexity. Roughly speaking there is only a pile of huge stones standing on the empty field and being quite remote from any settlements, but only for walking around them, not even touching, there's such long queue line up every day as if in the centre of Salisbury Plain the great wizard himself Merlin was doing conjuring tricks.

Only in the British Islands the archeologists run across about 900 diminutive Stonehenges not mention to the countless amount of similar prehistoric structures found in the territory Of Europe and Asia. Stonehenge is simply the most grandiose and preserved of its time, moreover it's been covered by the mystery. But as far as the enigma equals with the attractiveness by most of the people, the infinite streams of tourists flow to Salisbury Plain, probably hoping that right on the spot it dawns on them why about 4600 years ago someone made such titanic efforts for erecting Stonehenge.

It needs to be said that during the last centuries there have been considered a great deal of different assumptions regarding «who?» and «why?» had built Stonehenge. Here are some myths and theories about Stonehenge:

1. Stonehenge appeared due to the druids that used it as a sacrificial temple for making their gory rituals. It was one of the first visions disproved with the development of the science and technologies. It was shown to be true that the Celts bared no relations to the construction of Stonehenge, because they came to the British Islands later than the megalithan construction had been put together.

2. Stonehenge was built as the solar and lunar calendar, and it was the sort of peculiar astronomical observatory of the Bronze Age. Though there are questions arise then: «Why build such a labour-intensive calendar only for the observing the Sun and the Lune? Why not to observe it by means of leaving the marks on any surfaces?»

3. Stonehenge illustrates the model of Solar System according to which the System consists of 9 planets instead of 12.

4. As far as in the site of Stonehenge were found approximately 250 burials, some scientists concluded that it was the largest Neolithic cemetery and resting-place for the elite of that time.

5. The supporters of this idea say, that someone made their route of 200 miles for bringing the huge blocks from the mountains in Wales to the Salisbury Plain, to the purpose. Since the site where Stonehenge was built is a so-called place of power, the source of salubrious energy, where people feel an inexplicable surge of vigor and get healed from various illnesses. As proof of it there were discovered the interments of people with obvious body injuries, who presumably used to make pilgrimage to the cryptic place in hope of getting cured from their diseases.

6. Stonehenge is neither more nore less a portal into parallel worlds. Some people believe that the druids weren't exterminated by the Roman legionaries, that they simply escaped to another dimension with help of Stonehenge.

7. Stonehenge was created by an alien civilization as a message for the humans, which will be deciphered when the mankind is ready for it.

8. Stonehenge is...hm...a somewhat of Neolithic vagina, a monument being the embodiment of the Cult of the Mother Goddess. According to this bold theory the altar stone is none other than the clitoris.

9. There is the believe that the British Islands used to be a mountain part of sunken Atlantis. The Atlantians, who could affect the wave nature of things and because of that move the heavy monoliths, erected Stonehenge as one of many temples of the Cult of the Sun.

10. Stonehenge is the landing ground for the alien spaceships, an original radar, indicating the direction owing to very strong magnetic and energetic channels of the Earth having been concentrated there. In favour of this theory says the fact that the slabs of Stonehenge consists of quartz. This mineral is well known for its characteristic of emanation the radio-waves, which makes the megaliths a real radio transmitter. And the magnetic anomalies as well as the occurrences of UFOs with attributed to them crop circles are quite frequent phenomenons in the area of Stonehenge.

While we've been advancing the hypotheses regarding the nature of Stonehenge, it is getting more and more popular and produce a certain amount of peculiar imitations. So in Maryhill, Washington in the beginning of the 20th century was built the copy of Stonehenge, to be exact the interpretation of Stonehenge in its heyday, before it was destroyed by the humans and time. In America, the state of Nebraska there is its own Carhendge, and possibly in the distant future someone will be asking oneself why all those weird means of conveyance of the 20th century were collected together.

Take a plunge into the discovery of numerous entrancing spots throughout the South of England at http://thesouthofengland.blogspot.com

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Edgar Cayce - His "Other Category" Prophecy

Edgar Cayce was born near Hopkinsville, Kentucky on March 18, 1877 and had the luxury of a normal childhood of the nineteenth-century farm life. He never asked nor tried to be a psychic. But for more than 40 years, his gift of being able to see beyond has helped mankind, especially those who are sick and can't find a cure. Aside from primarily using his ability to look at the cure of rare illnesses, he also revealed a great amount of information on different topics such as health, dreams, meditation, religions, and reincarnation, among the few. It was the information that Cayce revealed about the future which he is probably most known for.

Most of his prophetic readings can be categorized in four distinct areas: Business, Life, Health, and Dream Interpretation. He gave more than 14,000 of these readings in his lifetime. Outside of the Big Four categories which Cayce spent most of his psychic energy there is the "Other Category". Here Cayce moves away from Business, Life, Health, and Dream Interpretation towards a vision of future events or prophetic visions. His most catastrophic was:

"Watch New York, Connecticut and the like. Many portions of the east coast will be disturbed, as well as many portions of the west coast, as well as the central portion of the United States. Los Angeles, San Francisco, most of all these will be among those that will be destroyed before New York, or New York City itself, will in the main disappear. This will be another generation though, here; while the southern portions of Carolina, Georgia, these will disappear. This will be much sooner. The waters of the Great Lakes will empty into the Gulf of Mexico."

Cayce also described about a new age of peace and enlightenment when the spirituality within humans would manifest on earth. But before this divine consciousness could rule the world, Cayce saw events that can only be described as apocalyptic - a period of purification involving natural disasters that will dramatically alter the surface of the earth, wars, economic collapse, and socio-political unrest.

Among Edgar Cayce's readings about the past are that the Sphinx had been built in 10,500 BC and that survivors of Atlantis had concealed beneath it a "Hall of Records" containing all the wisdom of their lost civilization and the true history of the human race. Cayce prophesied that this Hall of Records would be rediscovered and opened between 1996 and 1998. He connected the opening to the second coming of Christ.

Cayce never pinpointed the event directly to December 2012.

In the spring of 1922, he began to grow weak. His own readings advised him to rest but his sense of obligation to those who needs him prevented him. Finally, he collapsed from pure exhaustion. When Edgar Cayce told his family that he will be healed after the first day of the next year, it was almost a final goodbye. His family knew what he meant and truly enough he died on January 03, 1945.

Zoraya loves to explore varied topics, analyze and write them. Find out more about Edgar Cayce Prophecy at the website about ==> 2012 Predictions where you can find a lot of useful information if you want to glimpse into the theories and truth about the past and the future.

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Edgar Cayce, Atlantis, and the Touch Lamp

You know, this is one of those topics that some people say they 'believe in,' or 'don't believe in,' while most think, "Pure speculation," or just plain, "Bunk!" But I have an answer to that. It has nothing to do with belief, it's whether or not it is real to you. You can 'not believe' that a certain tree is standing off to the side of the road, drive your car into it, total your car, and die, 'not believing' that the tree was really there. And the paranormal, supernatural, or spiritual side of life, is exactly the same. Belief doesn't make it real. You won't know whether it's real or not, until it's real to you.

This experience happened, and when it did, a new 'reality' was awakened in me. I didn't seek it out. I wasn't looking for it. I didn't expect it. But when it started happening, I did not believe, I knew.

A friend of mine was cleaning out her closet, came across 3 books that she felt were of no use to her, so, knowing I was interested in spiritual things, she called me up to ask if I would take them off her hands. All of these books were either about, or written by, Edgar Cacye, and one of them, about Atlantis, had been taken directly from the readings that Edgar Cacye gave to various people. My friend had told me that when she tried to read the book, she couldn't understand anything it said, but alone in the house one afternoon, I decided I would give it a shot, sat down at the kitchen table, coffee in hand, and commenced reading.

While it was true, that how it was written seemed obscure and cloaked, I was surprised that I seemed to 'tune in' to the intent behind the words, and was actually grasping what was being said. Very soon, I was thoroughly engaged in it, finding it utterly enjoyable. While the picture of how things were, started to come together, a distinct thought, like a small voice, came clearly into the back of my mind, and before I knew it, I found myself responding to it. "Go into your room," it suggested to me. "Why would I go into my room?" I heard myself questioning. "I have no reason to go into my room." This back-and-forth, continued for about 10 minutes, and finally, needing more coffee anyway, I got up, got my coffee, and went into my bedroom.

There was my cat, asleep on my bed, and right beside my bed was my night stand, with the touch lamp on it. Nothing unusual here. But what was unusual, was that the light was on. Now, it would not be unheard of for my cat to have walked across the night stand, and to have accidentally, touched the lamp, turning it on. But in the 7-8 years that I had owned the lamp, this had not happened. Yet here I was, looking at the lit-up lamp.

I would have just written it off as 'different,' and thought that the cat must have touched the lamp somehow, but what was disconcerting, was that voice I had heard. A suggestion, to go to my room for some reason unbeknownst to me. The two together, left a question unanswered within my mind. So I just took note of it, and walked back into the kitchen and commenced reading.

The following morning, I was awakened when the other lady who lived in the house with me, entered my room. She explained that when she had taken the dogs out to the bathroom in the middle of the night, she noticed that the light in my room went on. Thinking that something must be wrong, she got the dogs back to bed, and came into my room to see what was going on, only to find that I was fast asleep, with my bedside touch lamp on. She turned it off, went downstairs to bed, and now, was in my room to tell me what she had seen. However, when she went to explain the incident to me, she noticed that my bedside lamp was on. There was no question, she had definitely turned it off in the night, but now, here it was on again. So once again, I turned it off, and left it at that.

All things went along as normal, and so that afternoon, I sat down once again to continue reading the book. At some point I got up to get my second cup of coffee, and glancing into my room, just out of curiosity, there was my bedside light back on! This was becoming more than 'different,' it was uncanny feeling to it. All I could do was go into my room, turn it off, and keep reading. I did, and everything was normal.

That night, the same incident occurred. About the time the dogs had to go out, the other lady again noticed that my light came on. So putting the dogs to bed, she came into my room and turned it off. But again, the next morning, when she got up and glanced into my room, the light was back on.

This activity continued for the duration of my reading the book, which was over a period of about 5-7 days. One night, 'nature called,' and when I got up to go to the bathroom, I found my light on, and turned it off before climbing back into bed. The next morning, when I woke up, it was back on. On another night, after awakening to find my light on, and turning off again, I was awakened in the morning by a friend of mine entering my room. She had come over, and seeing my light on, assumed I was awake, and so opened my door. On and on it went. Every day I read the book, the light went on, and every night, it turned on at some point while we all slept. If I woke up and found it on, I turned it off, only to find it on again the next morning.

Then came the day when I finished the book. I had been doing a lot of research on the content I was taking in, and so, that night, I sat on the edge of my bed, starring out my bedroom window into the night sky, my mind flooded with the incredible time and society that Atlantis was. As I sat musing, I saw it. Out of the corner of my eye, a light flooded my view. Turning to see the source, my eyes landed on my bedside touch lamp, turning off, on, off, on. Not flickering like a candle, but going off and on as if someone was turning the switch - which of course, isn't on a touch lamp. I sat watching it for about 30 seconds, and finally just reached out and touched the lamp myself, turning it on, and then turning it off for the last time.

The lamp never turned on 'by itself' again. For the remainder of the 2-3 years that I had it, there was never any such activity again.

A Poltergeist, you might suggest. No. Poltergeist activity is not selective, and involves more than one activity. The New Universal Family Encyclopedia, one of my research books, describes a Poltergeist as a 'noisy, mischievous, and often destructive invisible agent that persecutes the occupants of a house, most commonly by throwing or moving objects. There was no such activity, nor did I sense any destructive presence in the house before, then, or since.

Had this just been an isolated incident, I would have brushed it off, but when I 'heard' this small persistent voice, or suggestion, to go into my room, and found this lamp on for no reason, and found it on repeatedly for the duration of my time reading the book, not even my mind could reasonably 'brush it off.' I knew what I had 'heard' within me, and because spiritual things are not foreign to me, I knew there was a connection between what the people of Atlantis were about, and what I (and others) would be doing in my time on this earth. There was a confirmation to this incident about 6 months later, but that's another article.

One of my friends could find nothing in the book of Atlantis that she understood, or that made sense. You might say she had reason not to 'believe' in it. Yet when I started reading it, it was like I grasped not the words, but the intent behind them, and so it literally unfolded its meaning to me. Our belief doesn't make anything real or not real, but what should be an accepted fact, is that no one knows everything about life. If you really know that, there's a whole dynamic waiting for you to experience it.

Brenda Brown Blbyne72@yahoo.com Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Brenda_Brown

Jesus Through Historicity and Science

Accounts of the birth, crucifixion and resurrection of Jesus Christ (c. 5 BC-AD 33), described in biblical prophesy (written between 1450-430 BC), the synoptic gospels (Luke, Matthew and Mark, written between AD 50-90), the Gospel of John (written c. post AD-90), Epistles of Paul of Tarsus (AD 5-67) (written between AD 50-60), and the Dead Sea Scrolls (written c. 335-100 BC), to name a few, have been the subject of historical and scientific intrigue for centuries. Since the so-called "Age of Enlightenment" (18th century) when skeptics began to question if Jesus had in fact even existed, historicity (based on archaeology and history) and science (based on biology, chemistry, and physics) have become more essential than ever to substantiate textual sources (e.g. sacred scripts, Gnostic writings). Consequently, four key areas must be explored: The "Historical" Jesus, the virgin birth, the crucifixion, and the resurrection.

The "Historical" Jesus:

Proving that Jesus had in fact existed is likely the easiest part because of the existence of accounts from diverse historical sources (e.g. Roman, Greek, and Jewish). Per Discovery Channel's David Balsiger (Senior Producer of the "Fabric of Time" documentary) "more than 20 non-Christian sources" referred to "Jesus of Nazareth as a historical figure" between AD 30-130, "twelve mention(ed) His death provid(ing) details (and) ten refer(red) to His resurrection."

A sample of these historical, non-Christian sources, is listed below:

1. Talmud (c. AD 70-200): Sanhedrin 43a: "On the eve of Passover they hanged [crucified] Yeshu [Jesus]." - Jewish Source

2. Mara Bar-Serapion: Mentioned the "execution of Jesus [who was called a 'King']" when discussing the destruction of the Temple in AD 70. - Syrian Source

3. Cornelius Tacitus (c. AD 56-117), Historian: Annals, xv. 44: "Christus... was executed at the hands of the procurator Pontius Pilate." - Roman Source

4. Gaius Suetonius Tranquillus (c. AD 69-140), Chief Secretary to Emperor Hadrian: The Lives of the Caesars (Claudius 5.25.4): "...the Jews constantly made disturbances at the instigation of Chrestus, he (Claudius) expelled them from Rome [in AD 49]. - Roman Source

5. Thallus: Third Book of History: Made mention of Jesus' death in approximately AD 52 when discussing "the darkness over the land [and earthquake] after His death" referenced to by Julius Africanus in c. AD 221. - Samaritan Source

6. Flavius Josephus (c. AD 37-97), Court Historian for Emperor Vespasian: Antiquities of the Jews: Described Jesus' crucifixion under Pontius Pilate in about AD 93/94. - Jewish Source

7. Pliny the Younger, Governor of Bithynia in Asia Minor (c. AD 61-112): Wrote a letter to Emperor Trajan in AD 112 for instructions how to deal with Christians, who... worshipped Christus. - Roman Source

8. Lucian of Samosata (c. AD 120-180), Writer and Rhetorician: The Death of Peregrine, 1113: "The Christians... worship a man to this day the distinguished parsonage who introduced their novel rites, and was crucified on that account..." - Greek Source

Consequently, E.P. Sanders, in The Historical Figure of Jesus (Penguin, 1996) when using Alexander The Great (356-323 BC) as a paradigm concluded, "The sources for Jesus are better... than those that deal with Alexander" and "the superiority of evidence for Jesus is seen when we ask what He thought" such that "the quest for the Historical Jesus" can be better achieved than a "search for historical detail on Alexander."

The Virgin Birth:

"Behold, the virgin shall conceive and bear a Son, and shall call His name Immanuel" [Isaiah 7:14]

Although it appears highly improbable that a human virgin could bear a child, it is not scientifically impossible. Per Rich Deem, Is the Virgin Birth Scientifically Impossible? (15 December 2005), "it could be possible in humans for a [virgin] woman to give birth to a male... if the woman had both an X and Y chromosome, which occurs in 1 in 5 million women." Such a male would likely be an XX male since the child's DNA would come solely from his mother. Presently, 1 in 20,000 males are considered XX even though they had been conceived through male-female

When mathematics is utilized to determine the odds of a virgin female with a Y chromosome conceiving an XX male divided by (1 less the percentage of stillbirths), the probability of such a virgin birth is a minuscule but not impossible - 1 in 100.6711747 trillion. Consequently, if such a virgin birth occurred, which is not scientifically impossible and in fact plausible when considering the laws of physics discussed later in this article, it likely will remain unique in human history based on probability.

Based on DNA analysis performed on the only known historical artifacts specifically tied to Jesus - the Shroud of Turin (the cloth in which Jesus' body was wrapped when He was interred in the tomb) and the Oviedo Cloth (the napkin that covered Jesus' face when He was in the tomb) - His genetic composition was consistent with that of an XX male lending greater credence to His possible virgin origin.

Furthermore, when virgin birth or parthenogenesis (which per 'Virgin Birth' By Shark Confirmed: Second Case Ever (Science Daily, 11 October 2008) occurs when "the mother's chromosomes split during egg development [and] pair with another copy of itself [instead of with chromosomes from sperm]") is viewed in the context of nature, it is even more likely. To date, scientists have proven that parthenogenesis has occurred in some bony fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds and single hammerhead and blacktip (female) shark species.

"Where is He who has been born King of the Jews? For we have seen His star in the East and have come to worship Him?" [Matthew 2:2]

Per F.J. Tipler, The Star of Bethlehem: a Type Ia/Ic Supernova in the Andromeda Galaxy (20 March, 2005) the star the magi saw was historically and scientifically real. It could have been Supernova (SN) 1885A in the Andromeda Galaxy whose center, based on calculations from the Babylon Observatory, was extremely close to Bethlehem, such that its "galactic halo" would have been visible in the town's center or a comet "that was observed for over seventy days with no movement recorded" by Chinese and Korean astronomers per Colin Humphreys, The Star of Bethlehem (Science and Christian Belief, October 1995), both of which could be seen in and around Bethlehem in 5 BC.

Based on contemporary descriptions, historicity and science that indicate Jesus was born on a cold night when "shepherds [were] living out in the fields, keeping watch over their flock by night" [Luke 2:8], "sheep [in the area] were usually put out to grass between March and November," climactic data indicating that Bethlehem is usually "cold and very wet [from] December [though] February" and "the earliest date [the comet appeared based on] Chinese records" per Colin Humphreys, the birth date of Jesus can be calculated as March 9, 5 BC to further substantiate His historical existence.

The Crucifixion:

Archeological evidence in conjunction with astronomical calculations (that included a lunar eclipse) from non-Biblical sources based on textual accounts, in which the area was "plunged into prolonged darkness followed by an earthquake during the crucifixion," per Colin J. Humphreys and W.G. Waddington, Dating the Crucifixion (Nature, 22 December 1983) place the crucifixion date as April 1, AD 33 (based on the Gregorian calendar).

"Now it was about the sixth hour, and there was darkness over all the earth until the ninth hour. Then the sun was darkened and the veil of the temple was torn in two" Luke wrote of the events [23:44-45] that fulfilled a prophesy made by Amos in c. 750 BC:

"Shall not the land tremble on this account and everyone mourn who lives in it, and all of it rise like the Nile, and be tossed about and sink again, like the Nile of Egypt? On that day, says the Lord God, I will make the sun go down at noon and darken the earth in broad daylight." [Amos 8:8-9]

Based on "a 2000 year paleoseismic record recovered from the lacustrine sedimentary section of the Dead Sea" a magnitude > 5.5 earthquake" occurred (likely across the Jericho fault line) in the Jerusalem/Dead Sea area in AD 33 that according to limited reports from the Judea region, caused damage to the Temple in Jerusalem as reported by Revital Ken-Tor, Amotz Agnon, Yehouda Enzel, Mordechai Stein, Shmuel Marco and Jorg F.W. Negendank, High-resolution geological record of historic earthquakes in the Dead Sea basin (American Geophysical Union, 2001).

At the same time, several historians, Thallus and Phlegon of Tralles, to name two, reported the occurrence of an eclipse "during the 18th year of the reign of Tiberius (42 BC-AD 37)" and "fourth year of the 202nd Olympiad" both of which corresponded to a period dating from the summer of AD 32 to spring of AD 33, in which "the day (turned) into such darkness of night that the stars could be seen in heaven, and the earth moved in Bithynia, toppling many buildings in the city of Nicea" per Crucifixion darkness and eclipse (Wikipedia. 14 May 2010).

Based on reconstruction of the Hebrew calendar, a lunar eclipse (consistent with Peter's account: "The sun shall be turned into darkness, And the moon into blood..." [Acts 2:20]) occurred on April 1, AD 33 that per Colin J. Humphreys et al "was visible from Jerusalem at moonrise [at about 6:20 PM] with about 20% of the disc in the umbra of the earth's shadow and remainder in the penumbra. The eclipse finished... at 6:50 PM."

However, since the occurrence of such a lunar eclipse may not be able to fully explain the complete darkness, the approach of a severe storm (based on the darkness an approaching thunderstorm cast over Beijing, China at 11:30 AM on June 16, 2009) provides another probable cause especially since Verse 17, Lection 82 of the Gospel of the Holy Twelve (believed to have written by John in AD 70) states, "And behold there was great thunder and lightning, and the partition wall of the Holy place, from which hung the veil, fell down... and the earth did quake..."

From a medical standpoint, it is statistically improbable and historically impossible that Jesus survived the scourging and crucifixion based on corroborating sources and Roman execution methodology, in which no fewer than four executioners participated under threat of death if they failed, and a body was only released for burial after confirmation of death through piercing of the side with a spear (especially if the legs were not broken as was the case with regard to Jesus).

"And being in anguish, He prayed more earnestly, and His sweat was like drops of blood..." [Luke 22:44]. Medically, hemohidrosis or hematidrosis, sweating of blood, rarely occurs and when it does, it is the result of a person experiencing severe stress or shock.

Per Nymph Kellerman, The medical aspects of the Crucifixion of Jesus Christ (16 April 2006), "Flogging by the Romans was so severe the victim often died from the beating. They used a whip... called a flagellum that consisted of small pieces of bone and metal, attached to a number of leather strands. The skin was stripped from the back during a flogging, which exposed a bloody mass of muscle and bone [and at times caused arterial bleeding]," which per William D. Edwards, MD, Wesley J. Gabel, and Floyd E. Hosmer, On the Physical Death of Jesus Christ (JAMA Vol. 255, No. 11, 21 March 1986) resulted in "pain, blood loss (and dehydration that) set the stage for circulatory shock."

Subsequent to the scourging, Jesus was forced to carry a [75-125] pound crossbar on his shoulders for an estimated 650 yards, enough of a stress to cause a contusion and eventual rupturing of the heart. Afterwards, 7-inch nails were driven into Jesus' wrists (through the median nerve that resulted in excessive pain running through His arms) and feet (likely through the heel based on the excavated remains of "Yehohanan Ben Hagkol" (John, son of Hagkol) a 24-28 year-old male who had been in excellent health at the time of his crucifixion between AD 50-70 per Ancient Jewish Man's Remains Give Clues on Crucifixion (Reuters, 7 April 2004), that were discovered at Giv'at ha-Mivtar, just north of Jerusalem in 1968. Then, when the cross was placed into an upright position, per Nymph Kellerman, "it caused massive strain on the wrists, arms, and shoulders resulting in a dislocation of the shoulder and elbow joints. With the arms up and outward, the ribcage held in a fixed position, the victim [found] it extremely difficult to breathe and [consequently could] only take shallow breaths. As time passed, the muscles [underwent] severe cramps and spasmodic contractions, the lungs [began] to collapse in small areas [causing] hypoxia (a condition in which the body as a whole or a region of the body suffers from the effects oxygen-deprivation) and hypercarbia (a condition in which there carbon dioxide content in the blood is dangerously excessive). Respiratory acidosis (excessive acid in bodily fluids) [resulted] in increased strain on the heart that beat faster to compensate. Fluid [accumulated] in the lungs [until] under the strain of hypoxia and acidosis, the heart finally fail[ed]" if the victim had not suffocated first. Per William D. Edwards, MD et al, "survival [of the crucified] generally ranged from three or four hours to three or four days [depending on] the severity of the scourging."

"...one of the soldiers pierced His side with a spear, and immediately blood and water came out." [John 19:34]

The cause of death for Jesus was likely a combination of acute heart failure and hypovolemia, with asphyxia playing a secondary role, based on the outflow of blood and water that ensued when His side was pierced. Per William D. Edwards, MD, "the water probably represented serous pleural (lung cavity) and pericardial (heart-sac) fluid [since] perhaps in the setting of hypovolemia and impending acute heart failure, pleural and pericardial effusions (accumulation of excess fluids) may have developed and added to the volume of apparent water." Consequently "the weight of historical and medical evidence indicates Jesus was dead before the wound to His side was inflicted. [However] had Jesus not been dead, "the spear thrust between his right ribs, [that] probably perforated not only the right lung but also the pericardium and heart [would have] ensured His death." Accordingly, [assumptions to the contrary] appear to be at odds with modern medical knowledge."

The Resurrection:

Proving the resurrection had occurred or was even scientifically possible has been a constant challenge. However when visual textual evidence (e.g. Jesus was seen by more than 500 people after His death (that, per Jeff Lasko, There is evidence to support Christ's resurrection (The Pittsburgh Standard, March 2002) led "entire communities of at least ten thousand Jews [to willingly] give up the very sociological and theological traditions that had given them their national identity within weeks of the resurrection) based on 1 Corinthians 15:6, in which mass hallucination was psychologically improbable per William Craig, Contemporary Scholarship and the Historical Evidence for the Resurrection of Jesus Christ (14 July 2002) since "no one had anticipated seeing Jesus alive again") is combined with historical evidence (e.g. Shroud of Turin) and theories and laws of physics, compelling evidence in support of Jesus' bodily resurrection and ascension exists.

"...the angel answered and said to the women, 'Do not be afraid, for I know that you seek Jesus who was crucified. He is not here; for He is risen..." [Matthew 28:5-6]

Based on the established date for Jesus' crucifixion, textual evidence indicates that women (the lowest rung in the social order of the day) discovered Jesus' tomb was empty (corroborated by Jewish claims His body had been stolen, which his highly unlikely since the disciples at the time were cowering in fear at the loss of their leader since to them "it was over" and would not have been willing to die for a lie created by such a theft (which in all likelihood they did not have the intellectual ability to concoct based on their social, economic, and educational background), the Roman guard would have been executed for permitting such a crime to take place, and most importantly because the linen cloth that had wrapped Jesus remained intact - only deflated; thieves would not have had the time nor ability to replace the 100 pounds of spices that embalmed Jesus' body nor meticulously wrap the burial cloth back in place with such perfection in absence of a body) on the morning of April 3, AD 33.

When it comes to historical evidence, the Shroud of Turin is perhaps the most important artifact since it is directly linked to the crucifixion (textual scripts indicate it was Jesus' burial cloth, which was taken to Edessa by Thomas and Thaddeus Jude shortly after the resurrection in AD 33, historical writings confirm its presence in Edessa in AD 544 and transfer to Constantinople in AD 944, a 10th century drawing depicting Abgarus of Edessa and the shroud shows its distinct weave. In addition, textile/material analysis indicates it was compiled of fabric dating back to between 40 BC and AD 73 found only in the Masada fortress tombs (near the Dead Sea) and of high-quality 1st Century Syrian design. Furthermore, forensic analysis of pollen spores tie it directly to a 1st century plant that grew only in certain areas around Jerusalem, while bloodstains of type AB blood (common in the Middle East) confirmed by the presence of serum albumin (a plasma protein), an abundance of bilirubin (a bile pigment produced when the body is under severe trauma as would have been the case with a scourging and crucifixion) and faint writing (in Greek, Latin, and Aramaic) that reads, "(J)esu(s) Nazarene" per Ariel David, Vatican Expert: Turin Shroud Jesus Relic (Discovery News, 22 November 2009) links it directly to the 1st Century and specifically to Jesus) and provides tangible, visible evidence of the resurrection.

With establishment that the Shroud of Turin is directly and physically linked to Jesus, it is plausible to conclude the 3D negative image (consistent with neutrino (weak, invisible particles that can pass through other forms of matter) properties in which it was created within an instant and a short time after Jesus' death based on the AD 33 transfer date to Edessa) of His crucified body provides tangible evidence of His resurrection. Per Jesus Christ's Resurrection real, according to some scientists (Word Press, 5 April 2010), based on "modern particle physics," such a resurrection could conceivably have occurred when Jesus' body "dematerialized" from underneath the burial shroud in which its physical matter was converted into neutrinos and then "rematerialized" when outside the shroud [likely initiated through interaction with anti-neutrinos that caused] the neutrinos [to revert] back into their previous form of matter. Furthermore, when such a rematerialization took place, it is likely the process emitted an abundance of light (photonic energy), which further corroborated biblical accounts of His "glorified" body.

Creation of the 3D negative image is also consistent with Albert Einstein's Theory of Relativity (E = mc2) in which "matter and energy are interchangeable under [certain] conditions" such that if Jesus had "enormous levels of energy... the matter of [His] dead body could be transformed into the matter of a living body" per Henry Pang, How the resurrection actually happened (17 May 2010). Accordingly, "if E were applied to [a] dead body... it could result in a living body." To expand further, spontaneous emission (the process by which an atom or molecule in an excited state (E2) may spontaneously decay into a ground state, with the remaining energy (E1) between the excited and ground states being released as photons) plausibly occurred during the rematerialization process.

For brevity, a few additional physics laws and theories that render Jesus' resurrection feasible are listed below:

1. The "Omninatural" concept in which per R.C. Metcalf, Colliding with Christ (Xulon Press, 2008), "nature is not limited to what we perceive empirically, but may include existence beyond the boundaries of Minkowski spacetime (one temporal and four spatial dimensions); [it] exists beyond the material universe we inhabit [and is composed of] space, time, matter, and energy." - consistent with Einstein's statement, "Nature shows us only the tail of the lion. But I do not doubt that the lion belongs to it even though he cannot at once reveal himself because of his enormous size."

2. The EPR Paradox/Quantum Entanglement, in which all matter and energy are linked together such that delineations between the quantum (energy) and classical (the visible, physical) worlds as well as time and space are non-existent so that movement of particles between dimensions plausible.

3. The Law of Conservation of Matter that states mass/energy cannot be destroyed or lost.

4. Superstring or String Theory, in which the universe is comprised of subatomic particles that form a one-dimensional vibrating string that can either be closed or open and appear as point particles in a 10-dimensional universe (one temporal and three spatial dimensions we perceive + six compact space dimensions we do not perceive) in which particles in extra dimensions are curled up to a size less than 10 to the negative 33rd power (known as the Planck length).

5. M-Theory, in which the universe consists of 11 dimensions composed of two-dimensional flat planes known as "branes" that lie infinitesimally close to each other, from which energy (such as gravitons, weak particles of gravity first described by Isaac Newton between AD 1665-1667, and possibly neutrinos) may leak from one brane to another, thus travel between dimensions.

6. The Existence of Dark (or invisible) Matter whose gravitational pull originating from an unseen, higher dimension (called a "tesseract"), counterbalances the inward gravitational pull of our universe to prevent it from collapsing corroborated by recent findings based on studies of the Milky Way, Willman 1 and Seague 1 galaxies that revealed "most ordinary matter is hidden as well" per Matter Gone Missing (Discover, June 2010).

With the existence of higher dimensions well established since the mid 1970s, mathematics (e.g. higher dimensional algebra, which per Ronald Brown, Higher Dimensional Group Theory (19 October 2006) is a "contrast between the [one] dimensional viewpoint and the higher dimensional viewpoint") has also evolved to reflect this reality.

Based on the existence of another dimension (referred to as the 5th dimension), R.C. Metcalf explained the resurrection and ascension relying on analogies from Charles Schultz's Peanuts comic-strip and Edwin Abbott's 1888 book, Flatland, and interpretations of Salvador Dali's 1954 "Crucifixion" painting (that portrayed removal of a dimension, retained a three-dimensional cross and added four cubes to symbolize the presence of a higher dimension, likely because of "an intuitive understanding of the higher dimensional nature of Christ's resurrection").

Per R.C. Metcalf, "if 'Peanuts' was a 'Flatland' (a two-dimensional world) comic and we lifted Linus off the page into our three-dimensional world, it would appear he disappeared to Charlie Brown [and company]." Likewise if a dead Flatlander (who appeared as a dot) was placed into an open tomb (that appeared as a "C") that was then sealed (making it a closed "O") the body could not escape unless the Flatlander had been a Spacelander (three-dimensional in form) "with the majority of his body in Spaceland [such that] even if his Flatland body had died, [he] would remain alive... [and] could remove himself from Flatland entirely by moving back into Spaceland from whence he came!"

Keith Ward, a Regius professor of divinity at Oxford University concurs when discussing the resurrection. Per his article, New physics shows resurrection to be possible (The Tablet, 30 November 2006), Ward wrote, "[Jesus'] body always was, like all physical bodies, an appearance to human minds of a deeper unimaginable reality (since based on a 'multiverse' concept, matter is an expression of a deeper veiled reality [that in effect explains the 'Holy Trinity' - the unity of 'three persons in one Godhead' as referred to in Matthew 28:19 - ...Make disciples of all the nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit"]). It could be instantaneously transformed into another form (a 'spiritual body,' Paul calls it) in another space-time."

"What you sow does not come to life unless it dies... What is sown is perishable, what is raised is imperishable. It is sown a physical body, it is raised a spiritual body." [1 Corinthians 36,43-44]

Conclusion:

Based on the likely existence of an omninatural universe, historical facts, archeological artifacts, and laws of physics, Jesus through historicity and science ties in seamlessly with the textual accounts and Biblical scripture. Jesus' virgin birth occurred when His particles were inserted (by "The Holy Spirit" per scripture) into our dimension (Mary's womb, to be precise). Once in Mary's womb, these particles evolved into human corporeal form. However, despite Jesus' birth, the majority of His body remained in the 5th dimension (since He is one with the Father, as mentioned later) such that when He was crucified, we only saw a tiny picture - the portion that physically died (and as it died, particles likely collided between the two dimensions resulting in observable natural phenomena such as lightning and thunder, darkness, and an earthquake, to name a few). However, since the majority of Jesus' body did not die since it remained safely in the 5th dimension that we cannot see or perceive, He was able to step out of the tomb, passing through in the form of neutrinos. In doing so, the visible portion of Jesus' body left a 3D negative image on the Shroud of Turin.

"Reach your finger here, and look at My hands; and reach your hand here, and put it into My side." [John 20:27]

Jesus then walked the earth for 40 days with only the crucified, physical part of His body visible. Afterwards, the particles and matter that comprised Jesus' crucified body crossed into the 5th dimension to rejoin the rest of His body that had not been harmed.

In addition, since M-Theory permits particles to pass between dimensions, it is likely the particles comprising Jesus' body will again cross over (validating prophecies of His second coming). Furthermore, based on science it appears that the biblical account offered by John when viewed from an omninatural or multiverse perspective was literal in more ways than the disciples could have imagined since prior to Jesus' crucifixion, resurrection, and ascension that made an eschatological (of or pertaining to the ultimate destiny of humanity) resurrection possible, no one could pass to the 5th dimension:

"Then Jesus said to them, 'I shall be with you a little while longer, and then I go to Him who sent Me.' Simon Peter said to Him, 'Lord, where are You going?' Jesus answered him, 'Where I am going you cannot follow Me now, but you shall follow Me afterward.'" [John 7:33, 13:36]

It also may explain the assumption of Mary - in willingly carrying Jesus in her womb, she gained the necessary matter from the 5th dimension to physically draw her body to it. In addition, Jesus' words, "I am the resurrection and life. He who believes in Me, though he may die, shall live" [John 11:25] and "I am the bread of life... If anyone eats of this bread, he will live forever. This bread is my flesh... Whoever eats my flesh and drinks my blood has eternal life, and I will raise him up at the last day." [John 6:48,51,54] may be indicative that such belief and partaking in communion (in which physics corroborates the process of transubstantiation - the conversion of bread and wine into the body and blood of Jesus through attraction of particles from His body (that likely constantly replicate in the same way our cells propagate) that cross over into our dimension to coalesce with and transform the bread and wine) is prerequisite to convert us into a Spacelander (known as "born again" in scripture) for entry into the higher dimension (where Jesus resides) per the Flatland analogy.

Based on historical and scientific evidence (in which, per R.C. Metcalf, "the physical events of the resurrection conform to the laws of nature"), Jewish scholar Pinchas Lapid believes, "a bodily resurrection could possibly have [taken place]" since "Jewish tradition includes six accounts of God reawakening the dead (e.g. 1 Kings 17:22, 2 Kings 4:35 and 2 Kings 13:21 in the Old Testament)" per Religion: Resurrection? (Time, 7 May 1979) which is supported by a Dead Sea scroll called, "Gabriel's Vision" dating from c. 100 BC- AD 1 that describes a Messiah who suffered and died, and an "archangel (Gabriel) order[ing Him] to arise from the dead in three days" per Israeli scholar Ada Yardeni as reported in A New Dead Sea Scroll in Stone? (Biblical Archaeology Review, 8 July 2008).

Finally, when based on the laws of science that dictate "there was always a time when something existed," scientific fact that the universe has existed for approximately 13.7 billion years indicative of a finite beginning per Ken Than, Every Black Hole Contains Another Universe? (National Geographic, 9 April 2010), R.C. Metcalf concludes it "leaves only one [viable] option, an eternally self-existent, self-sustaining God that exists separately from the material universe," which substantiates Jesus' statement "I am the Alpha and the Omega, the Beginning and the End" [Revelation 21:6]. Accordingly, based on M-Theory while utilizing the Flatland analogy, Jesus' words, "I and My Father are one" [John 10:30] offer a plausible description of the multi-dimensional existence that enabled Him to step out of the tomb and ascend from this dimension forty days later.

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William Sutherland is a published poet and writer. He is the author of three books, "Poetry, Prayers & Haiku" (1999), "Russian Spring" (2003) and "Aaliyah Remembered: Her Life & The Person behind the Mystique" (2005) and has been published in poetry anthologies around the world. He has been featured in "Who's Who in New Poets" (1996), "The International Who's Who in Poetry" (2004), and is a member of the "International Poetry Hall of Fame." He is also a contributor to Wikipedia, the number one online encyclopedia and has had an article featured in "Genetic Disorders" Greenhaven Press (2009).

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